First of 3 series
In retrospect, I
thought of William Blake who believed that a naked woman is the most brilliant
work of God. Michelangelo found a foot to be nobler than a shoe. Edgar Degas
found them all the more interesting in a tub. Robert Henri thought respect for
the nude would eliminate shame. Auguste Rodin named it an eternal form and a
joy to all the ages, the body expressing the spirit that envelopes it and for
those who can see, the NUDE offers the richest meaning.
Like an echo from
some primitive rite, rendering nudity is a time-honored craft and one of the
few acceptable forms of public nakedness. Even medical doctors do not have the
privilege of staring for hours. Whether old or young, male or female, plain or
beautiful, when stripped of its fashions, the human body has integrity. You
feel the energy within; the brush begins to speak in body language.
A nude woman is
treated as a kind of illuminated landscape; hills and valleys, a complex puzzle
of beauty and practicality and form that follows function. It's the exercise of
all exercises, light and shadow, chiaroscuro--the sphere, the cone, the
cylinder.
Kenneth Clark opens
his classic study, The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form, pointed out that: "in
the greatest age of painting, the nude inspired the greatest works; and even
when it ceased to be a compulsive subject it held its position as an academic
exercise and a demonstration of mastery".
It did so, he
explains because the nude as a conceptual and artistic category always involved
the notion of an ideal abstracted from the reality we confront in our everyday
lives. As such, we may add, the nude in art plays a role similar to that of the
hero in epic: it provides the means and occasion to figure forth what a
particular society takes to be greatest excellence.
The nude, therefore,
"is not the subject of art, but a form of art", in part because
"The body is not
one of those subjects which can be made into art by direct transcription — like
a tiger or a snowy landscape. . . . We do not wish to imitate; we wish to
perfect" — an idea, like so many others, perhaps first formulated by
Aristotle "with his usual deceptive simplicity. ’Art,' he says, 'completes
what nature cannot bring to a finish.
The artist gives us
knowledge of nature's unrealized ends.' A great many assumptions underlie this
statement, the chief of which is that everything has an ideal form of which the
phenomena of experience are more or less corrupted replicas. . . . Every time
we criticize a figure, saying that a neck is too long, hips are too wide or
breasts too small, we are admitting, in quite concrete terms, the existence of
ideal beauty".
“The nude” is an
important facet of the artistic tradition dating back to ancient times, making
the unclothed figure unavoidable in a comprehensive consideration of art.
Nudity can be
discussed in terms of the reasons artists choose to portray the human body or
form without clothing:
1. The human form is
beautiful, making it an ideal subject for art.
2. The human body can
be expressive. It may be used to express a full range of emotions and feelings
to which the viewers can relate. Viewers might be encouraged to recreate the
subject’s pose in hopes of better understanding the expressive qualities of the
work, perhaps taking their minds off the fact that the subject is unclothed. A
possible subject for discussion, too, is the difference between “nudity” and
“nakedness.”
3. The human form is
part of the commonality which holds the human race together.
It is familiar to all
peoples regardless of background, sex, education, culture, or ethnic identity.
Thus, artists often use the human form in their art to express universal truths
and to address those ideas or concepts which bind all human beings together.
4. Because of our
familiarity with the human form, artists can use the human form to symbolize
human values, e.g., a pregnant woman or nursing mother often symbolizes
innocence. Also, artists can use distortion of the body or simplification of
human form to achieve an emotional recognition and intellectual response to the
artwork from the viewer because of our immediate identification with the human
form.
5. The human body
contains variations of all geometric shapes such as the cylinder, the sphere,
the cone, the cube, etc., making it an ideal subject for exercises in rendering
and demonstrating artistic ability and creativity. The body is viewed as a
design form of shapes, highlights, and shadows.
6. The human body is
anatomically consistent, which makes it a good subject to represent realistically.
Throughout history artists have gone to great lengths, including dissection, to
examine human anatomy to achieve artistic accuracy.
LIST OF ARTISTS/MOVEMENTS:
ACADEMIC ART:
SCHEFFER, Ary •
1795-1858 Dutch/French Painter
ACADEMIC CLASSICISM:
AMAURY DUVAL,
Eugene-Emmanuel
• 1808-1885 French
Painter
BAUDRY, Paul
• 1828-1886 French
Painter
BOLDINI, Giovanni
• 1842-1931 Italian
Painter
BOUGUEREAU,
William-Adolphe
• 1825-1905 French
Painter
BOUTIBONNE, Charles
Edward
• 1816-1897 French
Painter
CABANEL, Alexandre
• 1823-1889 French
Painter
COUTURE, Thomas
• 1815-1879 French
Painter
DEBAT PONSAN, Edouard
Bernard
• 1847-1913 French
Painter
FIRMIN GIRARD,
Marie-François
• 1838-1921 French
Painter
GERVEX, Henri
• 1852-1929 French
Painter
GLAIZE, Auguste
• 1807-1893 French
Painter
GLEYRE, Charles
• 1808-1874 Swiss
Painter
JAMIN, Paul
• 1853-1903 French
Painter
LEFEBVRE, Jules-Joseph
• 1836-1911 French
Painter
LEVY, Emile
• 1826-1890 French
Painter
ART DECO:
de LEMPICKA, Tamara
• 1898-1980
Polish/American Painter
ART NOVEAU:
MOSER, Koloman
• 1868-1918 Austrian
Painter – Designer
ART NOUVEAU/NABIS
MAILLOL, Aristide
• 1861-1944 French
Sculptor
BAROQUE:
BERNINI, Gian Lorenzo
• 1598-1680 Italian
Painter, Sculptor and Architect
CAGNACCI, Guido
• 1601-1681 Italian
Painter
CARAVAGGIO), Caravaggio
(Michelangelo Merisi da
• ca.1571-1610 Italian
Painter
CARRACCI, Agostino
• 1557-1602 Italian
Painter
CARRACCI, Annibale
• 1560-1609 Italian
Painter
de RIBERA ( SPAGNOLETTO
), Jusepe
• 1591-1652
Spanish/Italian Painter
DOMENICHINO (Domenico Zampieri)
• 1581-1641 Italian
Painter
GENTILESCHI, Orazio
• ca.1563-1639 Italian
Painter
GIORDANO, Luca
• 1632-1705 Italian
Painter
GUERCINO (Giovanni
Francesco Barbieri)
• 1591-1666 Italian
Painter
LISS, Johann
• ca.1597-1631 German
Painter
POUSSIN, Nicolas
• 1594-1665 French
Painte
REMBRANDT van Rijn
• 1606-1669 Dutch
Painter and Engraver
RENI, Guido
• 1575-1642 Italian
Painter
RUBENS, Peter Paul
• 1577-1640 Flemish
Painter
SARACENI, Carlo
• 1579-1620 Italian
Painter
VAN DYCK, Sir Anthony
• 1599-1641 Flemish
Painter
VELÁZQUEZ (or VELÁSQUEZ),
Diego
• 1599-1660 Spanish
Painter
CONCRETISM:
CAROLRAMA (Olga Carol Rama)
• born 1918- Italian
Painter
CONTEMPORARY REALISM:
WYETH, Andrew
• 1917-2009 American
Painter
CUBISM:
LEGER, Fernand
• 1881-1955 French
Painter
PICASSO, Pablo
• 1881-1973 Spanish
Painter and Sculptor
DADA/SURREALISM:
BALTHUS
• 1908-2001 French
Painter
DUCHAMP, Marcel
• 1887-1968
French/American Conceptual Artist
ERNST, Max
• 1891-1976
German/French Painter
EARLY RENAISSANCE:
BOTTICELLI, Sandro
• 1445-1510 Italian
Painter
della QUERCIA, Jacopo
• ca.1371-1438 Italian
Sculptor
DONATELLO
• 1386-1466 Italian
Sculptor
GIOTTO (Giotto di Bondone)
• 1267-1337 Italian
Painter
MASACCIO (Tommaso di Ser
Giovanni Cassai)
• 1401-1428 Italian
Painter
PERUGINO (Pietro Vannucci),
Pietro
• ca.1445-1523 Italian
Painter
POLLAIOLO, Antonio
• ca.1432-1498 Italian
Painter and Sculptor
RIZZO, Antonio
• active 1465-1499-
Italian Sculptor
VENEZIANO, Domenico
• ca.1405-1461 Italian
Painter
EXPRESSIONISM:
BACON, Francis
• 1909-1992
Irish/English Painter
GRIEBEL, Otto
• 1895-1972 German
Painter
GUTTUSO, Renato
• 1912-1987 Italian
Painter
KIRCHNER, Ernst Ludwig
• 1880-1938 German
Painter and Sculptor
MACKE, August
• 1887-1914 German
Painter
MARC, Franz
• 1880-1916 German
Painter
MARINI, Marino
• 1901-1980 Italian
Sculptor and Painter
MODIGLIANI, Amedeo
• 1884-1920 Italian
Painter and Sculptor
ROUAULT, George
• 1871-1958 French
Painter
SCHIELE, Egon
• 1890-1918 Austrian
Painter
FAUVISM:
MATISSE, Henri
• 1869-1954 French
Painter and Sculptor
FOLK ART:
ROUSSEAU (Le Douanier Rousseau),
Henri
• 1844-1910 French
Painter
FUTURISM:
BOCCIONI, Umberto
• 1882-1916 Italian
Painter and Sculptor
CARRÀ, Carlo
• 1881-1966 Italian
Painter
SIRONI, Mario
• 1885-1961 Italian
Painter
GOLDEN AGE of ILLUSTRATION:
PARRISH, Maxfield
• 1870-1966 American
Painter – Illustrator
GOTHIC ART:
LIMBOURG BROTHERS (Paul,
Hermann and Jean)
• active ca.1400-
Netherlandish Manuscript Illustrator
PISANO, Giovanni
• ca.1250-1314 Italian
Sculptor and Architect
PISANO, Nicola
• 1258-1278 Italian
Sculptor
HIGH RENAISSANCE:
BELLINI, Giovanni
• 1426-1516 Italian
Painter
di COSIMO, Piero
• ca.1462-1521 Italian
Painter
DOSSI, Dosso
• ca.1490-1542 Italian
Painter
GIAMPIETRINO (Gian Pietro
Rizzi)
• active 1495-1549-
Italian Painter
GIORGIONE (Giorgio Zorzi
)
• ca.1477-1510 Italian
Painter
LEONARDO DA VINCI
• 1452-1519 Italian
Painter, Sculptor and Architect
LOTTO, Lorenzo
• ca.1480-1556 Italian
Painter
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI
( Painter )
• 1475-1564 Italian
Painter, Sculptor and Architect
MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (Sculptor)
• 1475-1564 Italian
Painter, Sculptor and Architect
PALMA IL VECCHIO, Jacopo
• ca.1480-1528 Italian
Painter
RAPHAEL (RAFFAELLO SANZIO)
• 1483-1520 Italian
Painter
SIGNORELLI, Luca
• ca.1441-1523 Italian
Painter
TITIAN (TIZIANO)
• ca.1488-1576 Italian
Painter
IMPRESSIONISM:
BAZILLE, Frederic
• 1841-1870 French
Painter
RENOIR, Pierre-Auguste
• 1841-1919 French
Painter
MANNERISM:
ALLORI, Alessandro
• 1535-1607 Italian
Painter - Portraitist
BRONZINO, Agnolo
• 1503-1572 Italian
Painter
CELLINI, Benvenuto
• 1500-1571 Italian
Sculptor and Goldsmith
CLOUET, François
• ca.1510-1572 French
Painter
CORREGGIO (Antonio
Allegri )
• ca.1489-1534 Italian
Painter
El GRECO ( Domenikos
Theotokopoulos )
• 1541-1614
Greek/Spanish Painter
GIAMBOLOGNA (Jean de Boulogne)
• 1529-1608
Flemish/Italian Sculptor
MASTERS OF THE
FONTAINEBLEAU SCHOOL
• 1500- French Painter
PARMIGIANINO (Francesco
Mazzola )
• 1503-1540 Italian
Painter
PILON, Germain
• ca.1530-1590 French
Sculptor
PONTORMO (Jacopo Carucci)
• 1494-ca. 1556 Italian
Painter
ROSSO FIORENTINO
(Giovanni Battista di Jacopo)
• ca. 1495-1540 Italian
Painter
SANSOVINO (Jacopo Tatti),
Jacopo
• 1486-1570 Italian
Sculptor
SPRANGER, Bartholomeus
• 1546-1611 Flemish
Painter
TINTORETTO, Jacopo
• ca. 1518-1594 Italian
Painter
VERONESE (Paolo Caliari
), Paolo
• ca. 1528-1588 Italian
Painter
VON AACHEN, Hans
• 1552-1615 German
Painter
NABIS:
BONNARD, Pierre
• 1867-1947 French
Painter
VALLOTTON, Félix
• 1865-1925 Swiss/French
Painter
NEOCLASSICISM:
ALMA-TADEMA, Sir
Lawrence
• 1836-1912
Dutch/English Painter
CANOVA, Antonio
• 1757-1822 Italian
Sculptor
DAVID, Jacques-Louis
• 1748-1825 French
Painter
FLANDRIN, Hippolyte
• 1809-1864 French Painter
GERARD,
François-Pascal-Simon
• 1770-1837 French
Painter
GIRODET de
ROUSSY-TRIOSON, Anne-Louis
• 1767-1824 French
Painter
INGRES,
Jean-Auguste-Dominique
• 1780-1867 French
Painter
THORVALDSEN, Bertel
• 1770-1844 Danish
Sculptor
ALLEGRAIN, Christophe-Gabriel
• 1710-1795 Sculptor
BROC, Jean
• 1771-1850 Painter
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
ALTDORFER, Albrecht
• ca.1480-1538 German
Painter -Master Drawings
BALDUNG GRIEN, Hans
• ca.1484-1545 German
Painter and Printmaker
BOSCH ( el Bosco ),
Hieronymus
• ca.1450-1516 Dutch
Painter
CRANACH THE ELDER, Lucas
• 1472-1553 German
Painter
FIAMMINGO ( Pauwels
Franck ), Paolo
• 1540-1596
Netherlandish Painter
MABUSE ( Jan Gossaert )
• ca.1478-1532 Flemish
Painter
VAN DER GOES, Hugo
• ca.1440-1482 Flemish
Painter
VAN EYCK, Jan
• ca.1395-1441 Flemish
Painter
PHOTOREALISM:
KACERE, John
• 1920-1999 American
Painter
POINTILISM:
SEURAT, Georges
• 1859-1891 French
Painter
POST-IMPRESSIONISM:
CEZANNE, Paul
• 1839-1906 French
Painter
GAUGUIN, Paul
• 1848-1903 French
Painter
TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, Henri
de
• 1864-1901
VAN GOGH, Vincent
• 1853-1890 Dutch
Painter
PRE-RAPHEALISM:
BURNE-JONES, Sir Edward
Coley
• 1833-1898 English
Painter
COLLIER, John
• 1850-1934 English
Painter
HUGHES, Edward Robert
• 1851-1914 English
Painter
WATERHOUSE, John William
• 1849-1917 English
Painter
REALISM:
COURBET, Gustave
• 1819-1877 French
Painter
PIRANDELLO, Fausto
• 1899-1975 Italian
Painter
REALISM/IMPRESSIONISM
DEGAS, Edgar
• 1834-1917 French
Painter and Sculptor
MANET, Edouard
• 1832-1883 French Painter
ROCOCO:
BATONI, Pompeo
• 1708-1787 Italian
Painter
BOUCHER, François
• 1703-1770 French
Painter
FRAGONARD, Jean Honoré
• 1732-1806 French
Painter
RICCI, Sebastiano
• 1659-1734 Italian
Painter
TIEPOLO, Giambattista
• 1696-1770 Italian
Painter
WATTEAU, Jean Antoine
• 1684-1721 French
Painter
ROMANTICISM:
BLAKE, William
• 1757-1827 English
Painter –Illustrator
CHASSERIAU, Théodore
• 1819-1856 French
Painter
DELACROIX, Eugene
• 1798-1863 French
Painter
FUSELI, Henry
• 1741-1825
Swiss/English Painter
GEROME, Jean-Léon
• 1824-1904 French
Painter
GOYA, Francisco de
• 1746-1828 Spanish
Painter and Printmaker
HAYEZ, Francesco
• 1791-1882 Italian
Painter
SOCIAL REALISM:
RIVERA, Diego
• 1886-1957 Mexican
Painter – Muralist
SURREALISM:
CHAGALL, Marc
• 1887-1985 Russian/French
Painter
DALI, Salvador
• 1904-1989 Spanish
Painter and Sculptor
de CHIRICO, Giorgio
• 1888-1978
Greek/Italian Painter and Sculptor
DELVAUX, Paul
• 1897-1994 Belgian
Painter
MAGRITTE, René
• 1898-1967 Belgian
Painter
MAN RAY
• 1890-1976 American Photographer
and Painter
MIRÓ, Joan
• 1893-1983 Spanish
Painter and Sculptor
SYMBOLISM:
BERNARD, Emile
• 1868-1941 French
Painter
CASORATI, Felice
• 1886-1963 Italian
Painter
de CHAVANNES, Pierre
Puvis
• 1824-1898 French
Painter
DELVILLE, Jean
• 1867-1953 Belgian
Painter
MOREAU, Gustave
• 1826-1898 French
Painter
SYMBOLISM/ART NOUVEAU:
KLIMT, Gustav
• 1862-1918 Austrian
Painter
SYMBOLISM/EXPRESSIONISM
MUNCH, Edvard
• 1863-1944 Norwegian
Painter and Printmaker
VON STUCK, Franz
• 1863-1928 German
Painter and Sculptor
VICTORIAN ROMANTICISM:
ETTY, William
• 1787-1849 English
Painter
GODWARD, John William
• 1861-1922 English
Painter
LEIGHTON, Lord Frederic
• 1830-1896 English
Painter and Sculptor
PHOTOGRAPHY:
ALVAREZ BRAVO, Manuel
• 1902-2002 Photographer
AVEDON, Richard
• 1923-2004 Photographer
BAILEY, David
• born 1938-
Photographer
BELLOC, Auguste
• 1800-1867 Photographer
KOPPITZ, Rudolf
• 1884-1936 Photographer
LEIBOVITZ, Annie
• born 1949-
Photographer
MAPPLETHORPE, Robert
• 1946-1989 Photographer
NADAR (Gaspard Félix
Tournachon ), Félix
• 1820-1910 Photographer
NEWTON, Helmut
• 1920-2004 Photographer
PALAZZOLO, Aldo
• born 1948-
Photographer
PLATT LYNES, George
• 1907-1955 Photographer
RITTS, Herb
• 1952-2002 Photographer
SHINOYAMA, Kishin
• born 1940- Photographer
SIEFF, Jeanloup
• 1933-2000 Photographer
WESTON, Edward
• 1886-1958 Photographer
TABLEU:
BEROUD, Louis
• 1852-1930 Painter
BYZANTINE/CLASSICAL:
BONANNO PISANO
• active ca.1179-1186-
Architect and Sculptor
NEO-HUMANIST/ NEO-FIGURATIVE ART:
BOTERO, Fernando
• born 1932- Painter and
Sculptor
SCULPTURE/CONTEMPORARY:
RODIN, Auguste
• 1840-1917 Sculptor
CLAUDEL, Camille
• 1864-1943
ABSTRACT/FINE ART:
GOCKEL, Alfred
• born 1952- Painter
UNKNOWN:
BARTOLOZZI, Francesco
• 1727-1815 Engraver
HEINTZ, THE ELDER,
Joseph
• 1564-1609 Painter
LYSIPPOS (Lysippus)
• ca. 370 B.C.-ca. 310
B.C. Sculptor
MANZÙ, Giacomo
• 1908-1991 Painter and
Sculptor
MASTER OF FLORA
• active ca.1555-1570-
Painter
MILHOMME,
Dominique-Aimé-François
• Ca.1758-1823 Sculptor
MOORE, Henry
• 1898-1986 Abstract
Sculptor
MYRON (Mirone)
• ca. 485 B.C.-ca. 425
B.C. Sculptor
PRADIER, James
• 1792-1852 Sculptor
PRAXITELES ( Prassitele
)
• active ca.370-330
B.C.- Sculptor
RABOY (Emanuel Raboy),
Mac
• 1914-1967 Illustrator
RIEFENSTAHL, Leni
• 1902-2003 Photographer
and Filmmaker
RIXENS, Jean André
• 1846-1924 Painter
SCOPAS
• active ca.395-350
B.C.-Sculptor
TROMBADORI, Francesco
• 1886-1961 Painter
VARGAS, Alberto
• 1896-1982 Illustrator
WIERTZ, Antoine
• 1806-1865 Painter
WILIGELMO
• active ca.1099-1120-
Sculptor
Original post date Sept. 1, 2010
Sources:
*wikigallery
*commons.wikimedia
*artrenewal.org*
*all-art.org
*the-athenaeum.org
*ocaiw.com*
*abcgallery.com*
*wga.hu*
*kenneth clark*
*maa.missouri.edu*
*painterskeys*
Is my passion I love it
ReplyDeleteGlad you like this,
ReplyDeletethank you...
The images are beautiful -
not pornographic images
designed to titillate,
not just representations of
female and male nakedness
but all the naked longings,
aspirations and ideals
that most often we carry
around inside our skins.
They are much more
meditations on the
nature of physical beauty...